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To the Greeks Earth and Sky were Gaia and Uranus, and their son Kronos snuck between them, which is why their is air between the firmament and the starry heavens. The Greek tradition is heavily based on the Near Eastern tradition (which I include Ancient Egypt as part of) though replacing some of the names. Egypt tells a similar story, of how the sun (personified by the great god Atum) was born from 8 primordial principles called the Ogdoad, before diverging into the creation of Geb and Nut, earth and sky respectively, who gave birth to Tefnut ( moisture) and Shu ( air), Shu sneaking between Geb and Nut to separate them. The gods prevailed due to their cunning and power, and later created humanity. The Sumero-Akkadian creation epic tells of the ancient pantheon’s triumph over a ferocious creature and her horde of monsters, known as Tiamat.
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The core myths, legends, and accounts of the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians heavily influenced their descendants, the Hebrews (since their patriarchs where Sumero-Akkadian, Abraham hailing from the Sumerian city of Ur) from which we can trace the original legendary accounts and themes that formed the foundation of Old Testament Biblical tradition in its roots as the Torah even influencing the full Tanakh, though much changed in the intervening millennia. The Sumerian/Akkadian peoples had a creation myth which was handed down to the Babylonians known as the Enuma Elish. We have nothing resembling those known to us, which are, intriguingly, surprisingly similar to one another. Though in none of the scattered fragments that have survived, whose historical veracity is an unknown quantity, nor even in the rich and extensive legendary literature of the Irish, in which we may have the greatest quantity of preserved Celtic culture, we have no mention of a Celtic creation myth. A frightened atmosphere and a public version of a war council is more likely.įrom Caesar’s personal account of the Gallic Wars, as well as from many other ancient scholars of Greece and Rome including Tacitus, Arrian of Nicomedia, Strabo, Apollonius, Diodorus Siculus, and Ammianus Marcellinus, we have been given snippets of what they may have thought and believed. It is unlikely that he ever walked freely in Celtic lands whilst their people carried on life as usual, holding public talks at leisure. He spent over a decade warring in the northern lands of the Celtic peoples, so he probably gleaned his knowledge through a network of spies and through torture. Probably on the gods too, their deeds, genealogies works and origins. Julius Caesar in his works concerning the Celts recorded that the Druids held public lectures on “the nature of things,” that is, on the nature of the world, the earth, and heavens. Nothing else seems important enough to be included. Perhaps containing elements of early science (astronomical knowledge specifically) including spiritual ideas also, which we know with reasonable certainty, due to multiple ancient accounts of the Celts doctrine reincarnation. My belief is that this knowledge was historical in nature, a collection of oral traditions of their people and culture. Not that this knowledge is any more or less important than the histories and tales of any ancient people, except perhaps in hindsight only because they appear all the more valuable now that they appear to be beyond our reach. The Celtic Creation Myth: Creation According to the Celtsĭue to the secrecy of the Druids, very little remains to us of the knowledge they held. The unfortunate result of this is that we will probably never know the full extent or shape of their traditions, with certain pieces, such as knowledge of a Celtic creation myth, being lost to us. Rather because their secret doctrines were so sacred to them they feared them becoming known to the common people, and to outsiders.
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Though the motivation for this may not have been an aversion to writing itself, because they knew how to use the alphabet and did for mundane purposes.
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This is due almost entirely to the secrecy of the Druids, the keepers of knowledge, lore, and justice in the Celtic culture, whose teachings were so precious it was absolutely forbidden to write them down. From the beginning the Celts have been mysterious, hidden half-seen in the mists of oblivion that surround them, heroic, proud, mighty, and frightening figures when they appear in history. We know precious little about the religious and mythological doctrines of the ancient Celtic peoples.